Tryptophan Metabolites work through these mechanisms:
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Arylhydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)
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Pregnane X Receptor
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GLP-1 Receptor
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Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain
Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolite Indole-3-Propionic Acid-Emerging Role in Neuroprotection. Molecules. 2025
The Mechanism Underlying the Influence of Indole-3-Propionic Acid: A Relevance to Metabolic Disorders. Front. Endocrinol. (2022)
Metabolites like indole-3-propionic acid (Propion 1) and indolepropionamide (Propion 2) cross the mitochondrial membrane and absorb free electrons as they escape the mitochondrial electron transport chain, preventing the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration, and our product is not intended to diagnose, treat, prevent, or cure any disease.
Relevant Studies:
- Impact on the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism
- Tryptophan Metabolism in Inflammaging: From Biomarker to Therapeutic Target
- Low Levels of Serum Tryptophan Underlie Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
- Alzheimer’s disease as an autoimmune disorder of innate immunity endogenously modulated by tryptophan metabolites
- Host-microbe tryptophan partitioning in cardiovascular diseases
- The Involvement of Intestinal Tryptophan Metabolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Identified by a Meta-Analysis of the Transcriptome and a Systematic Review of the Metabolome
- Intestinal Dysbiosis, the Tryptophan Pathway and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis